THE NEGRO HISTORY BULLETIN November, 1955

Number 2

Volume XIX

Published by The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Ine.

1538 Ninth Street, N.W. Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: To inculcate an appre-

ciation of the past of the Negro and

to promote an understanding of his present status.

Boarp Albert N. D. Brooks Nerissa L. Milton Jessie H. Roy Gertrude P. McBrown Geneva ©, Turner Marguerite Cartwright Vernell M. Oliver

Phe subseription fee of this periodica is $2.00 a year or 25 cent A copy Bound volumes numbers | to 12 sell for

$3.15 each; numbers 13 to 18 sell for $5.00 each

Published monthly except June, July, August and September, at 1538 Ninth St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Advertising rates on request

Entered as second class matter October 31, 1937, at the Post Office at Washington D. C., under the Act of March 3, 1879

Copyright) Nos 1955 by the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History Incorporated: 1538 Ninth Street, N W., Washington, D. C

CONTENTS

COVER Hiographica Shetch Baown SKIN AND Leas Tue Necro ws rok Tonacco CONCLUDING INSTALLMENT Son Ry Sidney Kaplan 4 The Conner fn Essay on Gwendol

Ry Ja queline Crockett Tne Youne Prorir’s Conner Fairy Horses Ry Jessi¢ H Roy A on roe Fain Name or Kansas—By C. Ford

Some Wrirens ano Soctat Wonnes

By Marguerite Cartu } Mary MeLeop Beruuns

By illiam Brewe

THe Necro History BULLETIN

PORTRAIT OF A LEADER THURGOOD MARSHALL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

THURGOOD MARSHALL, Director-Counsel of the N.A.A.- C.P. Legal Defense and Educational! Fund, Inc., and Special Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Born: July 2, Attended

schools.

1908, in Baltimore, Maryland.

Baltimore local public elementary and

high

Graduated from Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, Febru- ary 1930.

Attended Howard D. C, 1980-1933.

Appointed Student Assistant Librarian during his second and third years at Howard.

Graduated from Howard in June, 1933 as ranking student with degree of LL.B.

Received honorary degrees of Doctor of Law from the fol- lowing institutions:

University Law School,

Washington,

Lincoln University June 3, 1947 Virginia State College May 31, 1948 Morgan State College June 2, 1952 Howard University June 4, 1954 Grinnell College June 6, 1954

Admitted to the Bar in the State of Maryland, October 1933, and immediately thereafter to the U.S. District Court for the State of Maryland.

December, 1939, admitted to the U.S. Supreme Court and to the U.S. Cireuit Court; the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Fifth Circuit and Eighth Circuit and the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

Entered private practice in Baltimore, Maryland, and con- tinued until 19386.

Became counsel for the Baltimore City Branch of the Na- tional Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1934

Appointed Assistant Special Counsel for the National As- ociation for the Advancement of Colored People in 1936.

Appointed Special Counsel in active charge of legal cases to secure and protect full citizenship rights for Negroes in 1938.

Marshall is the chief legal officer of the N.A.A.C.P.. Since then he has appeared before the Supreme Court of the United States and the Federal and State Courts for most of the states of the South.

In the U.S. Supreme Court Mr. Marshall has argued or prepared briefs with the cooperation of NAACP lawyers in all NAACP cases affecting constitutional rights of Negroes from 1938 to the present time He has appeared fourteen times be- fore the United States Supreme Court, Winning eleven and losing two,

Among the most significant victories were:

A. The right for Negroes to vote in the Democratic pri-

maries in the South;

B. The right of Negro passengers to travel freely inter- state, released from restrictions of state or loca] jim crow statutes.

(. The racial restrictive covenant cases which established the principle that covenants restricting the use, rent or sale of property to Negros

were not enforceable.

(Continued on Page 39)

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THe Necro History BULLETIN

BROWN SKIN AND BRIGHT LEAF

The Story Of The Negro’s Role In The Tobacco Industry

CHAPTER V CREATIVE CRAFTSMEN

A craftman, according to Webster, is one who “applies skill, patience, and artistic inclination to his trade.” You have to be a craftsman in every sense of the word to work in the complex processes of tobacco: manu- facture. . .for no two tobacco crops are alike, yet every Old Gold cigratte must be so precisely like every other as to defy detection. And patience, skill and artistry are the contribu- tions that Negro workers have brought to the tobacco industry for eight generations,

It’s interesting to note that the earliest known illustration of tobacco

manufacturing in the colonies, dated 1615, showed unsupervised Negro workers handling every operation of a Jamestown, Va. yard. Negro workers were employed at America’s first tobacco plant—the New York plant where Pierre Lorillard began manufacturing snuff in 1760. Down through the years, from generation to generation, Negroes have learned and passed along the delicate skills of grading the bright leaf, aging it to just the right stage of mildness, and blend ing it to perfection. Today, Negroes are the core of the tobacco industry's skilled labor force. Some 34,000

Negroes are employed in tobacco

factories throughout the nation, of which 31,000 are working in’ the South.

And today more than two-third of the employees of P. Lorillard are Negroes. . .skilled specialists in a dozen or more phases of tobacco manufacture. In terms of their pro- portion in the population, Negroes truly have a full share in the manu- facture of top quality cigarettes like Old Gold and Micronite filter-tip Kents; Muriel cigars, Briggs tobacco, and the many other famous P. Lorillard products. All these em- ployees have the benefit of on-the- job training programs unsurpassed in the industry; departmental senior-

4 4

Skilled Negro workers like Bannie Hawthorne of Richmond, Va., who became specialists in the curing

and processing of tobacco were employed in America’s first tobacco factory operated by P, Lorillard

Company in 1760. The makers of Old Gold cigarettes reveal these facts in “Brown Skin and Bright Leaf” the story of the Negro’s role in the tobacco industry.

27 le

ity; the right to bargain with man agement through uniot

Quite a few, consequent! have risen from the labor ranks to skilled and supervisory positior

deseribe the entire tobac manu lacturing process here, these are a few of the exacting jol performed by Negroes at P. Lorillard ¢ mpany

plants throughout the nation

(UNLOADING, PRELIMINAR

PROCESSING, AGEING)

When the nation linest tobacco arrives in huge jogsheads at the Old Gold Branch at Jerse (it Negro and whit WOrkKET unload them and send the huge cylinders of

tobacco on their way to be

up ind placed on conve 1} comes the careful assembly-line blending of many types of tobacecos

a skilled systematic process for all Old Golds must have uniforn richness and flavor \ll moisture is next removed by ‘a steam-heated re drying machine, where Negro and white workers keep irelul check on temperatures of more than 200

degrees and a arelully controlled

amount of moisture is then re-added At this point a erew of Negro and white loaders repack the bundles in hogsheads for ageing Special Inspectors both Negro and white constantly sample ind check these untlorm

hopsheads for moisture

content an inspection procedure that is repeated at many later stages

in Cigarette manufacture (Final PROCESSING, FLAVORING)

Lisewhere in the same building the center ribs are being removed from

tobacco leaves by a proce known as

“preen-stemming lor only certain tobacco we best when the | is left intact At Larillard’s

Muriel Cigar plant in) Richmond, Va., where an important Operation, you ll most likely find a Negro woman perform

ing this precise task with a special

‘yreen-stemming is also

machine. She is a careful, conscien tious worker, for if stem removal is not neat and complete the resultant tobacco will) be loos ind coarse Her work is thoroughly in pected, as

is the operation of her compleated

ae ile machine, many time dail

Lorillard cigarette factories, reen-stemmed tobacco tor must

bh dried cooled re-moistened and

wed before the next stage of manu facture

\nd a particular hogshead may rest in storage, ageing gradually like hne wine, for several years

of aged tobaeco mak ! up the final blend is next put eperatel through stean ing chambers to be ltened

\ many as four or fi

lates may be represented a ources each Ly pe (Bright Burley Maryland. Turkish) thus. an Old (hold with blend exactly like that every other Old Gold Cor tain the products ol oa ma i eventeen state ihe final blend mace Negro workers operating cutting machines cut the tobacco to the exact size for fine

cool burning, and others add precis« amounts of flavor for added aroma Then another worker fluffs the tobacco into a light silken texture on a special machine ad it

Is read to proceed to the Maki

mid bouquet

Department where cigarettes take forn

MAKING }

In the rooms housing the cigarette makin machines temperature ind

humidity are constantly checked hb skilled workers, who may ot na Negroes Another worker dart in and out. testin tobacco samples to be sent to the laboratory for a double check At the cigarette making machine itself are two work

ers working as a tean perhap i white man and a Negro irl. or vice versa the man an operator who constantly checks the delicate balance of the machine's rear ind lever the girl, the “catcher” who receives the finished cigarette

carelully watches the machin« coop up the familiar finished product as fast as th machine feeds tobacco folds paper around it in a eylir nd Old Gold

intervals, and cuts the continuous

eylinder into individual cigarettes SHIPPING INSPEC

Pact iN¢

blsewhere factory white

ind ¢ red d unpacked nspected ma measured P. Lorillard’s shipments of fine white igarette phane ind metal tol ih Pack ! Jepartment i k d

marvelous machine that recei\ es ivarette it one end paper and Federal re ue stamps at the othe ind cor ine the t i familiar

Other workers at other machines test the | wkages seal them | ick them 10 te i cartor ind put the cartor nto case for shipment ill over the |

At eve stave of th tupendous

production line inspect must he made ehecks and rechect riust be ordered for the ik quality ec

trol md Negro mad whit workers alike periorm ill of these inspecting functions it idditior

to the duties listed above

Workers of all races and national ties at P. Lorillard plants are proud ol ther { product ned share i by nging them to the public Dake particular packi specialist for example who ts ple isant

skinned man whose lace does not

reveal his years, he'll tell you that | et th PL

to be associated with a nopan of Lorillard reputation that he had five important promotions. laborer to oiler to machis idjuster to mechanic to packin specialist of th Old Gold plant's most respected employees he one if

these rare workers found only at the

most fair-minded companies i strong union man who ilso a firn supporter of management You'll listen to him and you'll come away

convinced that he’s typical of the satisfied the Neg members { the oldest tobacco family in America

ptlimisty workers who are

Eprror’s Nort Chapter VI Ver

of Decis which revea Vevroes moh hy merit and ah fy have at la n the na rer fol th fustt a ple

alt | | | n |

| 4

ite

{ssistant to the Productior Foreman 4 Be Be f the Old Gold plant at Jersey Cit

Pera 2 |

Necro History BULLETIN

CHAPTER VI MEN OF DECISION “Production reports on the Otd Gold Making Department? Youll have the to the Production Foreman”! “What that wage-scale clause in the Vuriel

contract

lo see {ssistant about neu Cigar factory unton

Call the

this meeting!

labor representative

“You want the latest sales ficures

lor a Philadelphia district? the

Get area salesman the

phone! The fact that these Negroes has little to do

men are

with their kor they reached the place where is th

and has a direct effect on the position

have

place in this ory

individual factor that counts,

ability only

of tobacco on the Ameri an scene,

Men of Decision in

the tobacco industry

.ad the position of P. Lorillard Com- pany among tobacco manufacturers. in the P. Lorillard family occupying sensitive, influential

They are men olf decision

posit ions in. sales,

production and labor-management

relations. The Production old Horatio story

the Old of ‘decision

Gold is the Alger-America’ success

story of man

come true——with an added final twist. It began twenty-six years ago the Negro hired on as a plant laborer at the Old Gold branch of P. Lorillard in Jersey City. It the title of

Production

when slender Alabama-born

finds him today Assistant to the the same a long title that simply means

with Foreman at plant this:

formance of

he is answerable for the per

more than a hundred

employees and as many machines in

today ix

Maleolm Yelverton, right,

the manutacture.

most exact phase of cigarette

He is the

Vegro in the nation to hold such a

also only

posuton,

A typical day in this responsible run like this Karly in the morning he arrives at

man’s life may

the plant and distributes time ecards to a dozen or more employees. If the group, he

“pep talk”,

introduces them around, familiarizes

new workers are in

gives them a_ brief them with the machinery, and helps them to get a good start on their Soon after he'll make the first

of his many daily tours of inspection,

jobs

to check the output and accuracy of dozens of making, packing and seal ing machines. He'll stop and observe tasks,

running in a

the workers at their note the

machinery is smooth

fashion, answer a dozen phone calls

Assistant to the

duction Foreman at the Old Gold cigarette branch of P. Lorillard Company in Jersey City, NS. J.

Featured in “Brown Skin

d Bright Leaf,”

try, Mr. Yelverton supervises nearly every operation in the 1

Old Gold's story of the Negro’s role in the tobacco indus yt exacting phase of

cigarette ifue

—_ } 5 | rer 1 turing. He is the only Negro known to hold such a position in industry. am ! | }

from the office upstairs After lunch

with his boss and close friend, he ll stop and talk to workers at their lunch break, then join in a production conference with the manager of the plant. A little later the operators supervisor, may come to him with a personnel problem. One of the girls a good but erratic worker, has defied 4 request to observe the re yul ir lunch hours. So the production trouble shooter and the operators’ supervisor will enter the department's head's office again for a brief conferences A call from a shipping clerk brings him hurrying to inspect the latest shipment of paper“bobbins” to be fed into the making machines be runs a practised eye and hand over the ruge rolls containing paper for 65,000 Old Gold cigarettes, nods his approval and hurries off to a bank of making machines lo supervise another worker who supplies tobacco for the machines. Its quilting time for the others, but he jeads back to his office to knock off a few production reports and smoke a re laxing cigarette—Old Gold, of course

beiore going home to dinner with one of his two sons and four daughters.

At home his 20-year-old son re

ports on his job at the plant which

is helping to finance his civil engineering education The young

est of two grandchildren, there for a Visit, presents a new tooth for the Lorillard production chief's inspection. At home he is a quiet modest man, with the dignity that COTES of deep religious conviction the assurance that rows with achievement, and the deeply indented forehead that comes inevitably with years of responsibility And if you should approach this Lorillard man of decision at this time and ask him to talk about his job or his family youd find him warm, relaxed, thoughtful, and sincere com pletely unaware that every day of his life he is making history

In P. Lorillard’s Muriel Cigar factory in Richmond, Va.. a certain labor-management man is definitely among the men of decision. Thirty five years of tobacco « xpereimce have

mellowed this employee Unsurpa sed

knowledge of tobacco people, their jobs, their idiosyncrasies, and what nakes them function at top efficiency No labor-management bargaining meeting can get underway without the presence of his slim. erect figure ind the contribution of his quick witted advice on the steps that must be taken to achieve harmony be tween the two groups. Of course. as he'll tell you its easier when you work lor a company like this— here all of

us, white and colored. are working together for the same things.” Yes, if youre interested in problems of world government, labor manage ment relations, or racial understand ing you might find definitels

worth your while to spend a half hour talking with this veteran Negro employee who is union steward and a head labor representative for P Lorillard’s Ric hmond plant

Then there’s the third question posed at the beginning of | this article the question of sales. Who's the man who moves Old Gold and Kents from the factory carton to the dealer's shelf? Who keeps the deal ers supplied with promotional material and market information: who checks the quality and quantity of his displays; who sends constant sales reports to the main office by mail phone, and telegram 7? Ob viously a pretty alert intelligent, personable and all-around-able guy. In Philadelphia, he’s a Negro

\ graduate of Xavier University in New Orleans, the handsome. soft spoken repersentative is a leading example of what makes Old Gold alesmen successful He's a solid citizen, married, four children mem ber of leading civic, religious and fraternal groups. And on the job he’s a dynamo of energy-—calling on dozens of tobacconists, helping them with thei problems, encouraging them to improve their sales. Until recently two Negro women, one in Philadelphia, the other in New York City were outstanding stars of P Lorillard’s sales force

The lady from Philadelphia. a dynamic feminine personality with a background in social work and dramatie parked sales promotion lor Old Golds throughout the Middl

Tue Necro History BULLETIN

Atlantic States, appearing at con- ventions, visiting dealers, disseminat g information about P. Lorillard and its products. The New York City representative, a former public

relations worker. rapidly rose to the position of Middle Atlantic Field Supervisor of Old Gold sales pro motion, a position she held until ill health forced her resignation Interestingly, P. Lorillard was the first national tobacco manufacturer to employ Negro women in sale promotion and promote them accord ing to merit to responsible posts. The Philadelphia salesman and the

New York City Saleswoman have

counterparts the P. Lorillard amily in most major American cities If vou want to know P.

Lorillard’s sales position in Chic ago. call on the Phi Beta Sigma man: youll probably find him in a meet ing with the nation’s largest Negro tobacco jobbers. the Woods Brothers. If you're interested in the cigarette picture in) Washington, D. C.. get to know the personable Omega Psi Phi « hapter official. If you want to know how Old Golds and Kents are moving in New York City, call the salesman plac ed by the Urban League who is a local Elks’ officer or the Kappa member: if you are in Detroit or in Baltimor you ll meet two Ipha Phi Alpha fraternity brothers All of thes people will meet you with the same infectious enthusiasm that makes them such successful members of P. Lorillard’s sales force convincing enthusiasm. because it stems from a firm belief in the quality of the products they're selling and in the integrity of the company that produces them

kprror’s Nove: Chapter VII—“An Eloquent Spokesman” which reveals. Vegroes in sales and advertising: first Negro saleswomen: advertising and public relations efforts featuring

Vevroes

CHAPTER VII \N ELOQUENT SPOKESMAN

Farmi teaching, researe h. study. a lo history, a dozen different manufacture all this activity must hy coing some

& | ip a0 | | tea | | é | | | * :

THe Necro History BULLETIN

u here.

You're absolutely right it goes to the millions of smokers who buy P. Lorillard products.

Who buys tobacco, and why, and how to influence them to prefer a

particular brand, is the business of

P. Lorillard many-faceted advertising. merchandising and public relations programs.

And this is where Negroes, as loquent spokesmen, have to play an important part in the final link of the tobacco. story the advertising and promotion which introduces P. Lorillard tobacco products to the many-hued American consumer,

Advertising takes many forms. As one of the nation’s largest rank ing advertisers, P. Lorillard uses all of them to an impressive degree. On television and radio, Old Gold- sponsored talent shows demonstrate the fact that outstanding talent exists among all racial fproups and per form, we believe, a fine service in educating the public to that fact. Inspiring success. stories have emerged from these programs. \ recent example is when a teen-age. wlliowy, pops singer whose debut on an Old Gold TV show marked the beginning of a rapidly rising enter- tainment careet In every case, P. Lorillard sponsorship of quiz pro- grams has resulted in the frequent appearance of Negro guests and con testants. Cash prizes, scholarships and contracts reward successful per- formers like the Negro pops singer and delighted audiences smile and. perhaps, reinforce their satisfaction by reaching for another Old Gold.

In prominent places in most of \merica’s large cities, the winsome tace of a Negro model smiles down at thousands of passersby, encouraging them to emulate her choice of Old Golds. The appearance of Negro and white personalities on Old Gold posters is part of a continuing cam- paign to influence the brand prefer- ence of smokers of all racial groups and national origins.

Special events too, find P. Lorillard products in the spotlight. whether they are held in Negro, white or mixed communities.

Recently, for example, when The

Courier, a large weekly Negro news- paper, presented awards to the win- ning entertainers in its annual Theatrical Poll, P. Lorillard acted as host at a party afterward to pay additional tribute to the winners in several categories, And, at both Negro, white and mixed colleges throughout the nation, selected stu- dents help finance their educations and prepare for business careers as Old Gold campus representatives. Likewise, numerous conventions Negro and white civic, cultural, professional and business groups are

universally attended by Old Gold representatives,

And so it goes. To put it simply, an examination of VP. Lorillard’s employment, sales, advertising, public relations and professional program will show that it applies to both majority and minority groups with out qualification. kor P. Lorillard’s philosophy on these matters might be stated this succinctly It necessi- lates the teamwork between people of every race, religion or national origin. . .whether. stockholder.

employ Ce,

Customer or the

Youthful Negro stage-screen and television star Diahann Carroll, who received her “Chance of a Lifetime” on the Old Gold cigarette sponsored TV program, is the entertainer featured in “Brown Skin and Bright Leaf.” Old Gold’« storys of the Negro’s role in the tobacco industry. Miss Carroll, currently co-starring with Pearl Bailey in the “House of Flowers” stage production, is another dramatic example of how P. Lorillard Company, makers of Old Gold cigarettes, is serving humanity by helping others to push forward in the world.

ina Mui | | |

many hued American publics to

enhance the economi fe and e| being of this nation and its citizens * Epirorn’s Note: ¢ hapte rVill End of the Rainbou

7 he TCASOILS

he which reveals, Wwe ll end of America’s rainbow oj racial hues

Road” is a

leading to security and

hy tobas CO

may be the pot of gold at the why “Tobacco treet ood living for a large percentage of America’s 15,000,000 Newroes

conclusion.

and

CHAPTER VIII THE END OF THE RAINBOW There's a pot of gold at the end ihe rainbow,

Nowhere has this simple folk belief

been translated into more solid fact

than in this country’s tobacco indus

Termed the “Brown Skin industry, Negro

Company.

tobacco industry's eloquent and Bright personalities

tr vhere the contributions of a

force

many-hued

rainbow comple xioned working

products for a public has put considerable cash into the por kets of worker

alike And,

system. the

and manu under the tobacco

gold has

facturer

American rain

bows pot ol long-rang

implic ations meaning equality

under the laws of economics

lobacco’s rainbow is a two-sided

coin for the impartial observer who

must consider both its implications

for the workers and farmers who

make up the Negro masses and its busi

implications for the Americar

ness scene

Consider the statistics on farming.

lor example In the land poor

Negro

sharecroppers once struggled without

South, where impoverished

any hope of improving their status

spokesmen in Leaf.” the story of the

like June Ballard

Negro’s and

Old role in the William

important part in introducing the products of manufacturers like P.

Necro History BuLLetin

Negro tobaceo farmers now receive 18% of the total cash receipts from the gigantic farm tobacco crop——as heaviest

The

tobac«

much as 2" in the

tobacco-prod ucing states

Negro farm rs

dollar is close

share of the to two hundred million dollars— an figure that is mightily every day In a state like North example Negro of the wash tobacco marketing

Impressive prowing Carolina. for take

receipts

farmers home

from

that

being re

Small wonder therefore,

sharecroppers cabins are

placed by prosperous that elder Negro

hundred acre larms farmers are going back to learn that

and girls are re

school to

scientific farming techniques

young farm hoys

sisting the te mptations of the city to

stay down on the farm and woo a

Gold cigarette’s tobucce play an

orillard

Curtis

32 “arg Sta) | | | | {

THe Necro History BULLETIN

living from the golden land. They have faith and hope in the future of the land will eventually mold it in the form

and their enlightened labor

of their dream.

When it comes to the manufactur- ing end of the tobacco industry, Yr. Lorillard Company, the nation’s old- est tobacco manufacturer, presents a history with bright threads of obliga- tion woven into its fabrics. Being conscious of its responsibility to the public that buys its products, Lorillard began and continued with the manufacture of tobacco products which would make and maintain the Through the pattern run strands which represent

( ompany’s reputation.

fair dealings and relationships with the 3200 suppliers of the tobacco product and the skilled hands and minds that turn it into finished wares—with those who advertise them and market them—with all who play their part in an old and

successful enterprise.

A business honorably and efhicient- ly conducted contributes to a na- tion’s greatness welfare in pioneering ideas, by the taxes it pays, in the work and services it gives, and by enjoyment of its goods, Lorillard Company, maker and seller of the best and finest tobacco pro ducts for nearly two hundred years. conducts just such a business.

Another strand in the Lorillard fabric is this centuries-old and un- told story of the Negro’s role in the tobacco industry.

To the keen observer, “Brown Skin and Bright Leaf” is self-evident that the end of the rainbow is al- ready visible on the horizon—as higher prices at tobacco auctions, as Negro

Negro farmers command researchers in tobacco produce new discoveries’ in college laboratories, as Negroes fill positions of distinction in manufacturing and on_ labor- management teams, as Negro sales-

men and personalities spark the sales

American Beauty of Song, Dorothy Dandridge’s latest appearance is on this colorful Old Gold cigarette poster which is featured in “Brown Skin and Bright

Leaf,” Old Golds story of the Negro’s role in the tobacco industry.

As cloquent

spokesmen, Negro celebrities like Miss Dandridge play an important part in introducing the products of P. Lorillard Company,

‘trend is this work

of the tobacco industry's products to all markets. And, like everything else, another sign of the growing in recognition of the Negro’s achievements in tobacco.

To you, the ultimate consumer, all of these people play an important part in introducing the products of P. Lorillard Company. For you are the person that all these people have worked diligently to satisfy.

As you enjoy your next smoke

from America’s first family of

cigarettes——Old Gold. . .regular size .. king size... . filter kings or a

famous Kent cigarette. . .king size or regular with the exclusive Micronite filter remember that.

Just as all the shades of tobacco, from the great tobacco producing states enter into the satisfying blend all the shades of skin known to the human race have

of your cigarette,

entered into the greatness of this country’s tobacco industry. .and

into the success of a great company

like P. LORILLARD COMPANY,

Negro History Textbooks

EPPSE, Meri R.: ‘A Guide to the Study of the Negro in American History An integrated outline of valuable material on the Negro from Africa to the pres ent Over six hundred carefully selected references properly placed at each and of twelve topics thoritative quide for High Schoo College and inter racial group study

(12 Mo) Paper Cover, 18épp 1953 $2 00

EPPSE, Merl ® “The Negro Too in American History.” An integrated and correlated textbook of the Negro in American History from Africa to the

present Designed especially for High School and College use. The whole role of the evolution of American cul

ture is kept in place and time thruan Balanced and sanely treated free ef prejudice and opinion

Buck (8vo) 643pp. 1949 $3.75

EPPSE, Meri R. & Foster, AP “An Ble mentary American History with Contri butions of the Negro Race Same a above, but more simplified For use nm elementary eche

Buck (8vo) 410pp 1953 $2.78 Discount for School Adoption

National Publication Company

P.O. Box 445 Nashville 2, Tenn.

PLEASE GIVE US YOUR NEW ADDRESS...

}

MERICAS FIRST FAMILY OF CIGARETTES oa ae

¢ Soy ‘=

REGULAR - KING SIZE - FILTER KINGS > a

Blyden Branch Norfolk Public 1346 Church

Library Street March 22, 1955 The Editor

find a

used

you will picture

here at Blyden Branch Library during Negro History Week and proved to be quite he local Negro

pauper carried our di play and yave

of a display that wa

successful, new us a very nice writeup the week fol lowing Negro History Week, viz HISTORY WEEK OBSERVED—The thirtieth annual celebration of Negro History Week, Feb. 13-20, was ob

served at Blyden Branch Library on

Church Street, with a display of hooks pictures and periodicals by and about Negroes This display pictured above was arranged by Mrs. D, R. Curtis, librarian, assisted by Miss Armitta Bell This vear’s

theme, “Negro History A Contribu

tion to America’s Intercultural Lift

placed emphasis upon music, litera

ture, art and sports.

Mareniaus Usep

Background black cover board

Poster white, size 22” x 28 raised and hoxed in vith white

poster hoard, rhe caption is stenciled and cut out which consists of Our Contribution

to America’s Intercultural Life.

Red crepe paper is scotch tap. d | A red light hich

hind this caption

placed in rear of caption dands out quite prominently

he photo on poster is that of Carter (;. Woodson who is the founder of Negro History Week

Phe letters for

music, literature,

sports and art were stenciled and cut out of white construction paper These letters were raised

with straight pins, The book stands are tops of catalog card and date due hoxes painted black with tire black and placed on background with magic mend. Appropriate pictures, magazines, and colorful books were used Letter used in main caption are Halleraft perfect, die-cut Display Letters No, 350. I would be most happy if you are material in one of Negro History I feel that it might prove fellow

planning future displays, and groups

able to use this issues of the Bulletin

heneficial to

your librarians in

or classes who have projects pertain

ing to the Negro.

Please return the same in the evert you are not able to use it Thanking vou. | am Very sincerely yours

(Mrs.) D. R, Curtis Branch Librarian

Tue Necro History BULLETIN

SOJOURNER TRUTH’S SON PETER

In her autobiography of 1850 So journer Truth printed three letters written on hoard

ship Done of Nantucket

from her son Peter

the whaling

Capt. Miller, master in 1840 and 164) These letters, she said. were the last she ever got from Peter. (Narrative of Sojourner Truth

Vorthern Slave

77-79.)

Boston. 1850. X11.

Apparently, by the time of the second edition of the she had hoy Carter these letters

Vind of the

Letters 1800-1860 1926)

Varrative with the

reprinted

contact W oodson

without

made no

change in his Vegro as Reflected in Written during the Crisis ( Washington. Arthur Huff used them in his biography of So Truth, God’s Faithful Pil grim (Chapel Hill, 1938.)

On the basis of Sojourner’s hand

and Fauset later

journer

ling of the letters, Fauset wrote quite plausibly that she “believed that he had corrected his bad habits and had gone to live peacefully in some dis tant land.” that the boat foundered at sea that Peter drowned,

What eventually happened to Pet

er is so far

Fauset then speculates

and

unknown, but it is cer tain that his ship did not founder His whaler was not the Done but the Zone; his captain not Miller but Hil ler (The

errors——understandadle

ones—were made. no doubt, in put ting the letters into print). The Zone sailed from Nantucket some- time in 1839 and returned from the Pacific Ocean on May 8. 1843 with 2.061 barrels of whale oil—a good load, as Peter had written to his

mother Whether the rest of the

it may well be that he “had corrected

he debarked with

crew is unknown, but

his bad habits and had gone to live peacefully in some distant land.” (i haline Vasters New Bedford

1938, 159: Catalogue of Nantucket Whalers from 1815 to 1870, Nan tucket, 1876. 33.)

Sidney Kaplan, University of

Massachusetts.

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